ʻO nā hale prefabricated, i kapa pinepine ʻia he hale prefab a i ʻole prefab wale nō, he ʻano hale noho kūikawā o ka hale prefabricated, i hana ʻia ma waho o ka pūnaewele ma mua, maʻamau i nā ʻāpana maʻamau i hiki ke hoʻouna maʻalahi a hui ʻia.ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻolālā home prefab o kēia manawa e pili ana i nā kikoʻī hoʻolālā i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka postmodernism a i ʻole ka hoʻolālā futurist.
Nā hale ʻaha kūkā i hana ʻole ʻia ma Seacroft, Leeds, UK
ʻO ka "Prefabricated" paha e pili ana i nā hale i kūkulu ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana (e laʻa me nā panela), nā modula (nā hale modular) a i ʻole nā ʻāpana hiki ke lawe ʻia (nā hale i hana ʻia), a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e kuhikuhi i nā hale paʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā hale ma luna o nā huila.ʻOiai ua like, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā ʻekolu.Aia nā hoʻolālā home ʻelua pae, a me nā hoʻolālā home maʻamau.Nui nā ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano hana.Ma US, kūkulu ʻia nā hale kelepona a me nā hale hana e like me nā code hale HUD, aʻo nā hale modular i kūkulu ʻia e like me ka IRC (International Residential Code).
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā hale modular i nā ʻāpana, a laila lawe ʻia i ka home pūnaewele no ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana.ʻOiai ua hana mua ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka hale, ua hui pū ʻia nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā modules i ke kūkulu ʻana e like me ka hale maʻamau.
Kūkulu ʻia nā hale i hana ʻia ma luna o nā kaola kila, a lawe ʻia i nā ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa i ke kahua home, kahi i ʻākoakoa ai.Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā huila, hitch a me nā axles ma ke kahua ke kau ʻia ka home ma ke kahua paʻa.
Kūkulu ʻia nā hale paʻa, a i ʻole nā mea kaʻa, ma nā huila, a hiki ke huki ʻia e ke kaʻa.Ua manaʻo ʻia he waiwai pilikino lākou, a ua laikini ʻia e ka Dept. of Motor Vehicles.Pono lākou e kūkulu ʻia i ka DMV code, a e hele i ka nānā ʻana no ka laikini ʻana.
Moolelo
"Loren" Hale Hao, ma Old Gippstown ma Moe, Australia
ʻO ka haʻi mua ʻana o kahi hale prefabricated ma 1160 a 1170 e Wace e like me ka mea i hōʻoia ʻia e Pierre Bouet.Ma ka paʻi kūikawā ʻo Mei/Iune 2015 o ka nūpepa Farani Historia, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia no kahi hale kākela i lawe ʻia e nā Noremana ma ke ʻano 'kit'. “Lau ae la lakou i na kaola laau mailoko mai o ka moku a kauo ia lakou ilalo i ka honua.A laila, ʻo ka Helu (Earl) nāna i lawe mai, (nā kaola) ua hou ʻia a kālai ʻia, kālai ʻia a ʻokiʻoki ʻia, ʻoki ʻia nā mākia (raw-plugs/dowels) a lawe ʻia i loko o nā barela, kūkulu i hale kākela, ua ʻeli ʻia kahi moat a puni. no laila ua kūkulu ʻia kahi pā kaua nui i ka pō.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hale hoʻoneʻe i ke kenekulia 16 ma India e Emperor Akbar The Great.Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia mau hale e Arif Qandahari i ka makahiki 1579.[1]
Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hoʻomaka kekahi mau hui me Sears Catalog Homes e hāʻawi i nā hale pahu leka uila ma waena o 1902 a me 1910.[2]ʻO ka Forest Products Laboratory, he mahele o ka US Forest Service, ua hoʻokomo i ka noiʻi nui i nā hale i hana mua ʻia i ka makahiki 1930, me ke kūkulu ʻana i hoʻokahi no ka 1935 Madison Home Show.[3]Ua hoʻomau kēia noiʻi i ka makahiki 1960.
Ma ka makahiki 1958, ma kahi o 10 pakeneka o na hale hou ma United States i hana mua ia.[4]
ʻO ka hana mua hale o kēia wā
Hale Pa'i Pa'i
ʻO kahi laʻana o kahi home panelized i hoʻopau ʻia ma Lake Whatcom, United States.
I kēia manawa, ua māhele ʻia ka ʻoihana hale prefabricated e ke ʻano o ke kūkulu ʻana.ʻO ka hoʻolālā hale Panelized, Modular, a me Hana ʻia ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana o kēia manawa, me ka nui o ka overlap ma waena o nā ʻano hana.
Nā hale i hoʻopaʻa ʻia
ʻO nā hale i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (i kapa ʻia ʻo nā hale i kūkulu ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana), kūkulu i nā mea hana, a i ʻole "panels", o kahi home (pā, hale a me nā ʻōnaehana papahele) ma kahi hale hana ma waho kahi i ʻoki ʻia ai nā paneli ma o nā ʻoki automated a me nā ʻoki laser mai. nā pepa lāʻau nui, e hiki ai ke emi iho ka nui o ka ʻōpala ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ke kahua.[6]Ma hope o ko lākou ʻoki ʻana a me ka hoʻohua ʻana, hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā panela a hāʻawi ʻia i ka wahi hana kahi i hui ʻia ai ka home ma ke ʻano like me ka home i kūkulu ʻia ma ka pae.
Manaʻo ʻia nā hale i hoʻopaʻa ʻia he hapalua ma waena o nā hale kuʻuna i kūkulu ʻia i ka pūnaewele a me nā hale hana mua i hana ʻia, me ka maʻalahi o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pūnaewele a me ka pono o ka prefab.[7]
ʻAmelika ʻĀkau
ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa
ʻO ka huina mākeke o nā hale ʻohana hoʻokahi i kūkulu ʻole ʻia (modular a panelized) aia ma 3% o ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻohana hoʻokahi i 2020, e like me ka Census Bureau Survey of Construction data a me NAHB analysis.[8]Manaʻo ʻia e piʻi iki kēia kaʻana i 2021.
ʻEulopa
Ikona honua.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻāpana e pili ana i ka United Kingdom a ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i ka ʻike honua o ke kumuhana.Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kēia ʻāpana, kūkākūkā i ka pilikia ma ka ʻaoʻao kamaʻilio, a i ʻole e hana i kahi ʻāpana hou, inā kūpono.(Iulai 2019) (E aʻo i ka pehea a me ka wā e wehe ai i kēia memo mamana)
Ma United Kingdom, ua kūkulu ʻia ma mua o 156,000 mau hale i hana mua ʻia ma waena o 1945 a me 1948.[9]
I ka makahiki 1940, ua hoʻolālā ka mea hoʻolālā Palani ʻo Jean Prouvé i hale aluminika, ʻo ka Maison Tropicale, no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ʻApelika.[10]
Ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II a hiki i ka makahiki 1948, ua kūkulu ʻo Sell-Fertighaus GmbH ma luna o 5,000 mau hale i hana mua ʻia ma Kelemānia no ka poʻe e noho ana ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
Huf Haus i hana ʻia e Kelemania ma kahi kokoke i West Linton, Scotland.
ʻAʻohe kūlana hale pan-EU no kēia ʻano hana hale, a aia ka hoʻoponopono ma ka pae aupuni.ʻAʻole pili pono nā kuhikuhi EU e pili ana i ke kūkulu hale a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka ʻāpana home modular.
Aupuni Mōʻī Hui Pū ʻia
ʻatikala nui: Prefabs ma United Kingdom
He hale kūkulu mua ʻia ma hope o ke Kaua Honua ʻelua, e pili ana i kahi waiwai like i kūkulu hou ʻia i loko o nā pōhaku lepo
Ma United Kingdom, pili pinepine ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "prefab" me kahi ʻano kikoʻī o ka hale prefabricated i kūkulu ʻia i nā helu nui ma hope o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua, [11] e like me nā hale Airey, ma ke ʻano he pani pani no ka hale i luku ʻia e nā pōkā. , ma Ladana.
ʻOiai ka manaʻo e lilo kēia mau hale i kahi manawa pōkole, nui ka poʻe i noho ʻia no nā makahiki a he mau makahiki ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kaua.Ke hoʻohana ʻia nei kekahi helu liʻiliʻi i ke kenekulia 21, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea e wāwahi ʻia.I ka makahiki 2011, ua hoʻolaha ʻia e kūkulu hou ʻia ka ʻāina prefab nui loa o Beretania o 187 home ma Lewisham, South-East London, koe wale nō nā hale ʻeono.[12]
Ua kūkulu ʻia nā hale hana mua i ke Kaua Honua Mua e like me nā hale i noho ʻia ma Austin Village, Birmingham.
ʻO ka ʻike hou loa o ka manaʻo, ʻo ia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o 36 mau hale i kapa ʻia ʻo y: cube i hana ʻia e ka YMCA ma Mitcham, South London[13] Ilke Homes in Knaresborough constructs 2 and 3 bedroom 'modular' homes that can be erected in 36 hours.[ 14]
Auseteralia a me Asia
I ka makahiki 2010, ua hoʻokuʻu aku ʻo Bali i 98,417 mau hale i kūkulu mua ʻia, akā i ka makahiki 2011 ua hoʻokuʻu wale ʻia ka ʻāina i nā ʻāpana 5,007 ma muli o ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka honua i hoʻopilikia i kekahi mau wahi e lawe aku ai.ʻIke ʻia kēia mau hale prefab Bali no kā lākou hoʻolālā kiʻi a me ka waiwai kūpono.[15]
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jun-08-2022